07-02-1992 P.A. Report09-02 -92 19:42
Ph1G ASSOCIATES 212 P01
p1t0 as,iaciettv,s,, AU/.
ECONOMIC. MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS
MIMORANDUM
TO: John Drago
FROM: Phil Gonot
DATE: July 2, 1992
SUBJECT: Review of Nabors, Giblin Nickerson, P.A. Report
I have reviewed the Phase I report prepared by Nabors, Giblin
Nickerson regarding the alternatives to provide regional water and
wastewater services. This review generated some comments and
reactions to the statements, findings and conclusions. I believe
that there are several misstatements of fact and erroneous
conclusions drawn in this report. I believe that it is important
for the report authors to explain some of these points.
1) The study did not consider the City as a viable alternative to
supply regional services. In many areas, municipal systems
have been expanded to meet this role. It may be likely that
this alternative is cost effective. Without even objectively
considering the option of the City serving the regional role,
the question can never be answered completely.
2) The grant from the South Florida Water Management District
could be given over to the City to study and prepare
alternatives. With the only truly viable system, at this
time, the City of Okeechobee is in a better position to meet
EPA guidelines on the cost effective approach to
regionalization.
3) Page 25 No mention is made of the conversion to a well
system for raw water supply, yet pages are dedicated to the
problems with lake withdrawal as the source. If the
procedures were reasonable presented, would the conclusion be
different?
4) Page 29 States that the extent of water loss is not
measurable. The issue of water loss was discussed in the Task
Force report analyzing alternatives to an authority. The
report included a review by an independent engineer (Chen
Associates) who concluded that the system was efficiently
managed.
5) Pages 36 37 52 Makes specific statements that the
revenues generated from the utility system must be subsidized
by the General Fund and that the fixed charges do not meet
debt service. Both statements are incorrect. Net Income from
the utility system for FY 1991 exceeded $730,000 meeting
bond coverage tests without the pledges for support form
utility taxes. In addition, the rates are set in such a
manner to insure that annual debt service payments are
collected through the debt service portion of the rates.
Historic financial records document this fact.
6) Page 37 States that the City's procedure of depreciating
infrastructure is incorrect. The authors are obviously not
aware of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles that require
depreciation for any Enterprise Fund such as the water and
wastewater utility. It is not an option of the City, but a
requirement.
7) Page 38 Reference is made to provisions of the Okeechobee
County Comprehensive plan regarding the rates of water and
wastewater consumption and generation. Any analysis should
have been based on the engineering reports from the City of
Okeechobee system.
8) Page 41, Table 7 The authors used their valuation method to
arrive at a value of the City system. This method ignored
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles which states that
assets must be placed on the Balance Sheet at the lower of
cost or market value. The figures presented on the Balance
Sheet are audited and official, the arbitrary numbers
presented by the authors are also not referenced or footnoted
to declare to the reader that the figures are incorrect.
9) Page 42 The presentation of the operating cost figures are
also arbitrary and without back -up. It is unreasonable to
state that the authority could operate the system at less cost
that the City, especially in light of the operating report
provided by the independent engineer (Chen Associates).
10) Page 43 subsequent It appears that the option A that has
the City operating the system and selling bulk to Beach is the
most cost- effective. Yet the conclusion is to create another
organization. The relationship is not explained.
11) The options did not consider that the City cannot deed its
system to this new authority due to the provisions of the
bonds. All bonds will have to be recalled and reissued.
Costs for this action was not considered in this process. The
options also did not consider payment to the City for the fair
market value of the system. The City Council must recognized
their fiduciary responsibility to the taxpayers and cannot
give away something that has significant value to the City.
12) Page 52 Statements that the City distribution lines are
unsafe are both undocumented and untrue. The analysis also
did not consider the costs to replace these lines in the
regional authority option.
13) Page 54 States that the City residents will see stable rates
with the authority. However, rates will increase under this
option for City residents. The Task Force study proved that
the most cost effective option is the existing structure.
14) The effects of the loss of Beach Water will not devastate the
City's revenue picture. With a significant amount of
unfulfilled demand from other customers, this revenue stream
will be replaced quickly. It is also true that with retail
customers, the amount of revenue per 1,000 gallons of water
delivered will be higher that for the bulk customer of Beach.
09 -02 -92 15:44 PMG ASSOCIATES
ACCOUNTING FOR
GOVERNMENTAL AND
NONPROFIT ENTITIES
LEON E. HAY, PH.D., CPA
Ralph McQueen Distinguished Professor
of Accounting
University of Arkansas
1985 Seventh Edition
212 P02
RICHARD D. IRWIN, INC. Homewood, Illinois 60430
09 -02 -92 15:45 PMG ASSOCIATES
Proprietary Funds
212 P03
2 Principles of Accounting and Financial Reporting for State and local Governments 1!
(6) Enterprise Funds--to account for operations (a) that are financed and
operated in a manner similar to private business enterprises —where the
intent of the governing body is that the costs (expenses, including depreci-
ation) of providing goods or services to the general public on a continuing
basis be financed or recovered primarily through user charges; or (b) where
the governing body has derided that periodic determination of revenues
earned, expenses incurred, and /or net income Is appropriate for capital
maintenance, public policy, management control, accountability, or other
pies.
(7) Internal Service Funds —to account for the financing of goods or services
provided by one department or agency to other departments or agencies
of the governmental unit, or to other governmental units, on a cost -reim-
bursement basis.
Fiduciary Funds
(d) Trust and Agency Funds--to account for assets held by a governmental
unit in a trustee capacity or as an agent for Individuals, private organiza-
tions, other governmental units, and /or other funds. These include (a)
Expendable Trust Funds, (b) Nonexpendable Trust Funds, (c) Pension
Trust Funds, and (d) Agency Funds.
Accounting for each of the fund types defined in Prindple 3 is explained
and illustrated in Chapters 3 through 14. Accounting characteristics common
to each of the three categories of fund types governmental funds, propri-
etary funds, and fiduciary funds —are set forth in the final section of this
chapter.
NUMBER OF FUNDS
4. Governmental units should establish and maintain those funds required by
law and sound financial administration. Only the minimum number of funds
consistent with legal and operating requirements should be established, how-
ever, since unnecessary funds result in inflexibility, undue complexity, and
inefficient roundel administration.
The importance of Principle 4 is sometimes overlooked by academicians.
The eight fund types defined in Principle 3 are to be used if needed by a
governmental unit to demonstrate compliance with legal requirements or
if needed to facilitate sound financial administration. If neither legal require-
ments nor sound financial administration require the use of a given fund
type, it should not be used. In the simplest possible situation, a governmental
unit could be in conformity with GAAP if it used a single fund, the General
Fund, to account for all events and transactions. In addition to that one
fund, however, it would need the two account groups for reasons set forth
in Principle 5.
ACCOUNTING FOR FIXED ASSETS AND LONG -TERM LIABILITIES
3. A clear distinction should be made between (a) fund Axed assets and general
fixed assets and (b) fund long -term liabilities and general long -term debt.
01-02 -92 15:46
20
PNG ASSOCIATES
212 PO4
a. Fixed assets related to specific proprietary funds or Trust Funds should
be accounted for through those funds. All other fixed assets of a govern-
mental unit should be accounted for through the General Fixed &sets
Account Group.
b. Long -term liabilities of proprietary funds, Special Assessment Funds, and
Trust Funds should be accounted for through those funds. All other unnra-
tured general long -term liabilities of the governmental unit should be ac-
counted for through the General Long -Term Debt Account Group.
General long -term obligations are those to be paid from general tax
levies or specific debt service tax 1evin. Accounting and reporting for the
General Long -Term Debt Account Group is explained and illustrated in
Chapter 8.
General fixed assets include land, buildings, improvements other than
buildings, and equipment used by activities accounted for by the five fund
types classified as "governmental funds" in Principle 3. Principles 6 and 7
supplement Principle 5 in establishing requirements that relate to fixed asset
accounting.
VALUATION OF FIXED ASSETS
6. Fixed assets should be accounted for at cost or, If the cost is not practicably
determinable, at estimated cost. Donated fixed assets should be recorded at
their estimated fair value at the time received.
DEPRECIATION OF FIXED ASSETS
7. a. Depreciation of general fixed assets should not be recorded In the accounts
of governmental funds. Depreciation of general fixed assets may be re-
corded in cost accounting systems or calculated for cost finding analyses;
and accumulated depreciation may be recorded in the General Fixed Assets
Account Group.
b. Depreciation of fixed assets accounted for in a proprietary fund should
be recorded in the accounts of that fund. Depredation is also recognised
in those Trust Funds where expenses, net income, and /or capital mainte-
nance are measured.
Application of Principles 5, 6, and 7 to the General Fixed Assets Account
Group is explained and illustrated in Chapter 7.
ACCRUAL BASIS IN GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING
8. The modified accrual or accrual basis of accounting, as appropriate, should
be utilized in measuring financial position and operating results.
a. Governmental fund revenues and expenditures should be recognized on
the modified accrual basis. Revenues should be recognised in the account-
ing period in which they become available and measurable. Expenditures
should be recognized in the accounting period in which the fund liability
is incurred, if measurable, except for unmatured interest on general long-
term debt and on special assessment indebtedness secured by interest
bearing special assessment levies, which should be recognized when due.
b. Proprietary fund revenues and expenses should be recognized on the accrual